Political Dictionary
Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Definition
Congress is the national legislature established by Article I of the Constitution. It consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Congress writes federal laws, raises and spends money, regulates interstate and foreign commerce, declares war, oversees the executive branch, and performs other constitutional duties.
Why It Matters
Congress determines federal law and spending, represents states and districts, checks executive power, and shapes national policy. Control of either chamber can affect which bills, nominations, investigations, and budgets move forward.
How It Works
Members introduce legislation, serve on committees, debate and amend proposals, and vote. Most bills must pass both chambers in identical form before going to the president. Congress also conducts oversight, confirms certain nominations through the Senate, and can impeach and remove federal officials.
History
The framers created a bicameral Congress as part of the Great Compromise, balancing representation by population in the House with equal representation for states in the Senate. Congress first met in 1789.
Example
Congress may pass a transportation law that authorizes programs and appropriates funds for roads, bridges, and transit.
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