Definition
A filibuster is the use of Senate rules to prolong debate or delay action on legislation or nominations. In modern practice, the threat of a filibuster often means that supporters need enough votes to invoke cloture.
Political Dictionary
Filibuster
A filibuster is a Senate tactic used to delay or block action by extending debate or preventing a final vote.
Why It Matters
The filibuster can require a supermajority for many Senate actions, shaping bargaining, minority influence, and legislative gridlock.
How It Works
Senators may continue debate or signal that they will block unanimous consent. The majority can seek cloture, which usually requires three-fifths of the Senate for legislation.
History
The Senate did not design the filibuster in the Constitution. It emerged from chamber rules and precedent, and cloture was added in 1917 and revised later.
Example
A bill supported by 55 senators may still fail to advance if cloture requires 60 votes.
Common Misconceptions
- The Constitution creates the filibuster.
- A senator must always speak continuously on the floor.
- Every Senate vote can be filibustered under identical rules.
Related Terms
Related Topics
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