Definition
A government shutdown is a partial or broad suspension of federal activities caused by a lapse in appropriations. Agencies determine which functions continue under legal exceptions and which employees are furloughed.
Political Dictionary
Government Shutdown
A government shutdown occurs when funding authority lapses for some federal operations.
Why It Matters
Shutdowns can delay services, disrupt workers and contractors, and create economic and administrative costs.
How It Works
If appropriations or a continuing resolution expires, agencies implement contingency plans until funding is restored.
History
Modern shutdown practice developed after legal interpretations in the late twentieth century required agencies to stop nonexempt work during funding gaps.
Example
National parks may close some services while air traffic control continues.
Common Misconceptions
- The entire federal government stops operating.
- Federal employees permanently lose their jobs.
- A shutdown is the same as defaulting on the debt.
Related Terms
- Appropriations
- Continuing Resolution
- Budget Resolution
- Debt Ceiling
- Federal Agencies
Related Topics
See Also