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Political Dictionary

Supreme Court

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal judiciary.

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Definition

The Supreme Court of the United States is the nation’s highest federal court. It consists of the chief justice and associate justices. The Court reviews selected cases involving federal law, constitutional questions, conflicts among lower courts, and disputes within its original jurisdiction.

Why It Matters

The Court’s decisions can define constitutional rights, federal powers, and the meaning of statutes nationwide.

How It Works

Most cases reach the Court through petitions for certiorari. The justices review briefs, hear oral arguments in selected cases, deliberate, and issue opinions.

History

Article III created one Supreme Court. Congress organized the Court in 1789, and its size has changed several times before settling at nine justices in 1869.

Example

The Court may decide whether a federal or state law violates the Constitution.

Common Misconceptions

  • The Supreme Court hears every appeal.
  • The justices are elected nationally.
  • The Court may issue advisory opinions whenever it chooses.