Political Dictionary
Separation of powers divides federal authority among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Definition
Separation of powers assigns different governmental functions to separate institutions. Congress makes laws, the executive enforces them, and courts interpret and apply them. The divisions are not absolute because the branches also share and check powers.
Why It Matters
The system is intended to reduce concentrated power and protect liberty by making cooperation necessary.
How It Works
Each branch has distinct constitutional responsibilities, while overlapping powers create checks such as vetoes, confirmations, and judicial review.
History
The framers drew on political theory associated with Montesquieu and colonial experience with divided institutions.
Example
The president nominates judges, but the Senate must confirm many nominees.
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