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Political Dictionary

Conference Committee

A conference committee resolves differences between House and Senate versions of the same legislation.

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Definition

A conference committee is a temporary group of House and Senate members appointed to negotiate a single compromise when the chambers pass different versions of a bill. The committee produces a conference report that both chambers may accept or reject.

Why It Matters

A bill cannot become law unless both chambers approve identical text. Conference committees can settle major disagreements without restarting the process.

How It Works

Leaders appoint conferees, who negotiate within the scope of disagreement. The final report is returned to each chamber for an up-or-down vote.

History

Conference committees have been used since the earliest Congresses, though informal negotiations and amendment exchanges are also common.

Example

The House and Senate may reconcile different defense spending levels in conference.

Common Misconceptions

  • Conference committees are permanent.
  • Their reports can be amended freely on the floor.
  • A conference report becomes law without another vote.