Definition
An earmark is a congressional provision or report instruction designating funds for a particular project or entity, often outside a competitive agency process.
Political Dictionary
Earmark
An earmark directs federal spending to a specific recipient, location, or project.
Why It Matters
Earmarks can address local needs and facilitate compromise, but critics warn about favoritism, limited oversight, and waste.
How It Works
A member requests a project, committees review it, and approved language is included in legislation or reports.
History
Congress used earmarks extensively before imposing a moratorium in 2011. Modified forms later returned with disclosure and eligibility rules.
Example
An earmark may provide funds for a local water-treatment facility.
Common Misconceptions
- Every earmark is secret.
- All earmarks are illegal.
- Earmarks always increase total spending rather than redirect it.
Related Terms
Related Topics
See Also